RNA PPT: Definition, Structure, Types and Functions
RNA PPT presentation seminar Free Download: RNA is a ribonucleic acid that allows withinside the synthesis of proteins in our body. This nucleic acid is chargeable for the manufacturing of latest cells withinside the human body.
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RNA PPT: Definition, Structure, Types and Functions
Types of RNA:
Major types of RNA are explained in a diagrammatic representation and it is as below:
Fig1: Types of RNA
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): Ribosomal RNA molecules have 65% to 70% of mass of ribosome. Ribosome is machinery which is responsible for synthesis of proteins. Ribosomes are huge objects and eukaryotic ribosomes have molecular weights of about four million and prokaryotic ribosomes have molecular weights of about 2.5 million.
- Eukaryotic 40S ribosome have 1rRNA (18 S rRNA = 1900 bases) and also have thirty-five distinct proteins
- A 60 S ribosome have 3 rRNA (5 S = 120 bases, 5.8 S = 160 bases, 28 S = 4700 bases) and also contains 50 proteins
- A 5 S rRNA contains its own gene
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Previously it was assumed that ribosomal RNA do huge structural function but the modern and new information very strongly suggests that rRNA acts as enzyme with protein which plays the role of structural scaffolding. This information has the results from the low-resolution structure of complete ribosome and high-resolution x-ray diffraction structure of large subunit from bacterium haloarcula marismortui.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA): tRNA is an approximately 75 base molecule which carries amino acids and transfers them to the proteins which are growing. tRNAs have a common tertiary structure.
- Messenger RNA (mRNA):mRNA molecules have a coding sequence for proteins. Molecules of message RNA changes in size with eukaryotic transcripts including largest and known ribonucleic acids.
RNA bases: Bases which are used for RNA are attached to ribose. Modified bases include methylated versions of cytosine, adenine, and pseudouracil.
Transcription: A process of synthesizing RNA by availing a DNA template is known as transcription.
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Terminology related to RNA: The terminology related to RNA is mentioned below:
- Gene
- Complementary
- Coding strand
- Template strand
- Upstream
- Downstream
- Consensus sequence
- Promoter
- TATA box
- Gene: Gene is a stretch from DNA which has both a template for RNA synthesis and a sequence which permits the control of production of RNA from region of template. When the techniques for the synthesis of proteins truly worked out then it was suggested that each gene corresponds to a single protein. Clearly, this cannot be true because few genes like ribosomal RNA genes do not code for proteins.
- Complementary: Having a sequence of base which permits base pairing to another sequence.
- Coding strand: Coding strand is a sequence of DNA which corresponds to a sequence of RNA of the transcript. Coding strand has the similar sequence like RNA.
- Template strand: Template strand is a complementary to both DNA coding strand and RNA strand.
- Upstream: On the coding strand it will be on 5th side of any given position.
- Downstream: On the coding strand it will be on 3rd side of any given position.
- Consensus sequence: Sequences of DNA which have regulatory functions normally have same sequences.
- Promoter: Promoter is a sequence of DNA which is recognized by a transcription initiation complex.
- TATA box: It is a part of promoter region.
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Table of Content for RNA PPT Presentation
- Definition
- Introduction
- Basic Structure of RNA
- Function of RNA
- Types of RNA
- Conclusion
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